Does Ontario Law Allow Eviction of a Tenant During Winter Months?

The Law Does Allow For An Eviction During the Winter; However, the Landlord Tenant Board Holds Discretionary Power and May Decide Against Issuing An Eviction In the Winter.

Understanding Whether a Tenant May Be Evicted During Winter

Residential Notice to Evict Document The urban myth belief that a residential tenant cannot be evicted in winter likely arises because of a misinterpretation between what may happen and what actually does happen.  There is actually nothing specifically stated within the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, S.O. 2006, Chapter 17, as the law in Ontario that governs residential tenancies issues to prevent eviction during winter.  However, the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 does contain section 83 which allows an adjudicator, being the decision maker of the Landlord Tenant Board, to decide cases using discretion. Specifically, section 83 of the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 says:

83 (1) Upon an application for an order evicting a tenant, the Board may, despite any other provision of this Act or the tenancy agreement,

(a)  refuse to grant the application unless satisfied, having regard to all the circumstances, that it would be unfair to refuse; or

(b)  order that the enforcement of the eviction order be postponed for a period of time.

(2) If a hearing is held, the Board shall not grant the application unless it has reviewed the circumstances and considered whether or not it should exercise its powers under subsection (1).

(3) Without restricting the generality of subsection (1), the Board shall refuse to grant the application where satisfied that,

(a)  the landlord is in serious breach of the landlord’s responsibilities under this Act or of any material covenant in the tenancy agreement;

(b)  the reason for the application being brought is that the tenant has complained to a governmental authority of the landlord’s violation of a law dealing with health, safety, housing or maintenance standards;

(c)  the reason for the application being brought is that the tenant has attempted to secure or enforce his or her legal rights;

(d)  the reason for the application being brought is that the tenant is a member of a tenants’ association or is attempting to organize such an association; or

(e)  the reason for the application being brought is that the rental unit is occupied by children and the occupation by the children does not constitute overcrowding.

(4) The Board shall not issue an eviction order in a proceeding regarding termination of a tenancy for the purposes of residential occupation, demolition, conversion to non-residential rental use, renovations or repairs until the landlord has complied with section 48.1, 49.1, 52, 54 or 55, as the case may be.

(5) If a tenant has given a landlord notice under subsection 53 (2) and subsection 54 (2) or (4) applies, the Board shall not issue an eviction order in a proceeding regarding termination of the tenancy until the landlord has compensated the tenant in accordance with subsection 54 (2) or (4), as applicable.

(6) Without restricting the generality of subsections (1) and (2), if a hearing is held in respect of an application under section 69 for an order evicting a tenant based on arrears of rent arising in whole or in part during the period beginning on March 17, 2020 and ending on the prescribed date, in determining whether to exercise its powers under subsection (1) the Board shall consider whether the landlord has attempted to negotiate an agreement with the tenant including terms of payment for the tenant’s arrears.

(7) Subsection (6) applies with respect to any application described in that subsection that,

(a)  is made on or after the day subsection 17 (3) of Schedule 4 to the Protecting Tenants and Strengthening Community Housing Act, 2020 comes into force; or

(b)  was made before that day and was not finally determined before that day.

(8) For greater certainty, subsection (6) applies whether or not a date has been prescribed for the purposes of that subsection.

Accordingly, the adjudicator may choose to refrain from issuing an Order to Evict during the winter months or may choose to issue an Order to Evict with a delayed eviction date.  It seems that whereas an adjudicator may refrain from issuing an Order to Evict because it is wintertime, the urban myth was born that a tenant cannot be evicted during the wintertime.  Of course, this is a false truth, meaning a perception based on misunderstanding.  The misunderstanding arises when people misinterpret the reason that an adjudicator may refrain from issuing an Order to Evict in the wintertime whereas such a decision is a choice based on a discretion.  The adjudicator may choose such a discretion out of concern for the hardship that a wintertime eviction would cause rather than because of any mandate in law.

Summary Comment

It is an urban myth that a wintertime eviction is forbidden. The common misperception that a wintertime eviction is illegal seems to arise from the misunderstand of what is allowable in law and what does actually happen whereas the Landlord Tenant Board holds a discretion to choose to avoid ordering an eviction during the wintertime and sometimes, perhaps often, does refrain from ordering the eviction in the wintertime.

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